Welcome to LEDnetics.com, your reference LED store for all lighting and LED devices. In electronics the LED (abbreviation of Light Emitting Diode) is an optoelectronic device that exploits the ability of some semiconductor materials to produce photons through a phenomenon of spontaneous emission when crossed by an electric current. In lighting technology, the LED is a high-efficiency technology that guarantees excellent energy savings.

The commercial strength of these devices is based on their ability to achieve high brightness (many times greater than that of tungsten filament lamps), low price, high efficiency and reliability (the life of an LED is one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of classic light sources, especially under conditions of mechanical stress). LEDs work at low voltage, have high switching speed and their construction technology is compatible with that of silicon integrated circuits.

The first LED was developed in 1962 by Nick Holonyak Jr.. In 2014 the Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano from the University of Nagoya and Shūji Nakamura from the University of California, Santa Barbara for research on blue light LED. In the 1990s, LEDs were produced with ever higher efficiency and in an ever-increasing range of colors, also producing white light. At the same time, the amount of light emitted has increased to levels that are competitive with ordinary light bulbs.

Use in lighting

LEDs are increasingly used in the lighting industry to replace some traditional light sources. Their use in domestic lighting, thus replacing incandescent, halogen or compact fluorescent lamps (commonly called energy-saving because they have a higher yield), is now possible with remarkable results, achieved thanks to the innovative techniques developed in the field.

At the beginning of the research, the luminous efficiency, quantity of light/consumption (lm/W), was calculated in the minimum ratio of 3 to 1, then it has improved a lot. The limit of the first devices suitable to be used in this type of application was the insufficient amount of light emitted (luminous flux expressed in lumens). This problem was overcome with the latest generation models, combining the increase in efficiency with the technique of having die matrices in the same package connected in series and parallel or making the matrix directly in the substrate of the device. The efficiency of current devices for professional and civil use is more than 120 lm/W, but it drops to around 80 lm/W in warmer light devices. For example the Cree CXA3050 has Ra>90 and 2700K. A 60 W incandescent lamp powered at 220V, emits a luminous flux of about 650 lumens.

As a comparison, an incandescent lamp has a luminous efficiency of about 10-19 lm/W, while a halogen lamp about 12-20 lm/W and a linear fluorescent lamp about 50-110 lm/W. A lower ease of use in functional lighting compared to traditional lamps is constituted by the characteristics of power supply and dissipation, which strongly affect the light output and duration over time. However, it becomes difficult to identify direct relationships between the various sizes, between which also comes into play a further parameter, namely the beam angle of light emission, which can vary from about 4 degrees to over 120 degrees, however, can be modified through appropriate lenses placed frontally.

LED manufacturers are manufacturers of semiconductors, silicon factories, while bulbs are mainly produced by other manufacturers. There is, therefore, a certain delay between the date of placing a new LED device on the market and the availability on the market of a bulb that uses it.

The advantages of LEDs from a lighting point of view are:

  1. Operating time (high emitting LEDs reach about 50,000 hours with a loss of luminous flux of 10% max);
  2. reduced maintenance-replacement costs;
  3. high efficiency (when compared to incandescent and halogen lamps) Light without IR and UV components (high efficiency: no part of the energy transformed into light is outside the visible spectrum);
  4. easy realization of efficient plastic optics;
  5. flexibility of light spot installation;
  6. possibility of a strong spot effect (near-point source);
  7. safe operation because of very low voltage (normally between 3 and 24 Vdc);
  8. cold start (down to -40 °C) without problems;
  9. absence of mercury;
  10. possibility to create luminaires of new shape due to the reduced dimensional impact;
  11. possibility to adjust the luminous intensity (only on some models);
  12. less heat generated in the environment compared to other lighting technologies.

Bestselling Products

 

iHealth No-Touch Forehead Thermometer, Digital Infrared Thermometer for Adults and Kids, Touchless Baby Thermometer, 3 Ultra-Sensitive Sensors, Large LED Digits, Quiet Vibration Feedback, Non Contact

  • Non-Contact Technology For Safe & Hygienic Use: With a built-in infrared temperature sensor, the iHealth PT3 thermometer can read a person’s body temperature within 1.18 inches from the center of the forehead without physically touching the person.
  • High Accuracy Via Tri-Point Sensory: An ultra-sensitive infrared sensor collects more than 100 data points per second while distance and environmental sensors work together to account for other variables, ensuring maximum accuracy every time the temperature is taken.
  • Simple, Fast, Clear, And Quiet: With an intuitive single-button control design, the thermometer reads and shows the temperature in just one second on its easy-to-read, extra-large LED display, even in total darkness. When the temperature is read, the device gives a gentle vibration notification to the holding hand—no beeps or buzzes.
  • Suitable For Wide Usage Scenarios & All Age Groups: This iHealth thermometer (model PT3) is designed for all ages, ranging from babies and toddlers to the elderly. An ideal choice for at-home use and for hospitals, hotels, schools, and other public or private establishments.
  • In The Box: 1× iHealth PT3 thermometer, 2× AAA batteries, 1× Instruction manual, 1× Quick User Guide, our worry-free 12-month warranty, and friendly California-based customer service.
 
Lumineux Teeth Whitening Strips 21 Treatments - Enamel Safe for Whiter Teeth - Whitening Without the Harm - Dentist Formulated and Certified Non-Toxic - Sensitivity Free
20,918 Reviews

Lumineux Teeth Whitening Strips 21 Treatments - Enamel Safe for Whiter Teeth - Whitening Without the Harm - Dentist Formulated and Certified Non-Toxic - Sensitivity Free

  • Whitening Without The Harm: What does it mean to “do no harm” to your mouth? Well, when it comes to whitening, it means to lift stains without taking the enamel too. Your teeth can and should be whitened without the use of harsh bleaches that damage your tooth structure, leading to sensitivity. Includes 42 Strips / 21 Treatments.
  • Clinically Proven: Let’s be honest, all the better-for-you ingredients mean nothing if they don’t prove results. So, we set out to scientifically show your brightest smile could be achieved with Lumineux and we have! With over 50 double-blind, university studies backing us up, Lumineux can proudly say we clean, freshen and whiten as well as the other guys, without the harm.
  • Microbiome Safe: This one is unique. In fact, I would wager that Lumineux is the only oral care company on the market that can claim that we are certified non-toxic and microbiome safe. That means our products actually work with your body to achieve oral health by protecting your good bacteria and detoxifying the bad.
  • Purposeful & Uncompromising Ingredients: We invite you to check out the ingredients lists on all of our products! They’re packed with ingredients that can nourish and help improve your oral health without preservatives, additives, or artificial dyes or flavorings.
  • Without The Pain: In our latest study, we had participants use our strips every day for 2 weeks. Not only did we get incredible reviews from those who participated, but we didn’t get a single complaint of pain or damage to teeth or gums. What’s more, there was an average of 14 shades whiter reported with this study!
 

Cleaning Gel for Car, Car Cleaning Kit Universal Detailing Automotive Dust Car Crevice Cleaner Auto Air Vent Interior Detail Removal Putty Cleaning Keyboard Cleaner for Car Vents, PC, Laptops, Cameras

  • PERFECT CAR CLEANING TOOL: Cleaning gel is designed to clean car air vents, steering wheels, console panel, storage bins, cup holder, door handles, dashboards and other other hard-to-reach spaces.
  • EASY TO USE: Push car cleaning gel into any little cracks, press car vent cleaner on and the dust would be carried away. You can also press the keyboard cleaner slightly on the keyboard surface and then pull out slowly, the dust would be carried away with the cleaning gel. (Note: don't press the cleaning gel too hard, especially on mechanical keyboard).
  • ECO-FRIENDLY: This keyboard cleaner is made of cleaning gel, smells sweet with lightly fragrance. The car cleaning kit can easily pick up dust.
  • REUSABLE: This Auto car detailing cleaning gel can be used for multiple times until the gel turns to black. Please put the gel into the sealed box after use and store it in a cool dry place. DO NOT use car vent cleaner to wipe the cellphone screen or computer monitor. (NOTE: don’t wash the universal cleaning gel with water.)
  • MULTIPLE USES: The Automotive dust clenging gel can not only clean the car vents, dashboard vents, gear shifts, knobs, door handles, air vents, CD slots, cup holders, keyholes,but also the home and office, PC computer keyboard, printer, cell phone, calculator, TV remote and furniture. The suitable surface must be water resistant, or the dust removal for car would stick to it.
 

Echo Dot (3rd Gen, 2018 release) - Smart speaker with Alexa - Charcoal

  • Meet Echo Dot - Our most compact smart speaker that fits perfectly into small spaces.
  • Improved speaker quality - Better speaker quality than Echo Dot Gen 2 for richer and louder sound. Pair with a second Echo Dot for stereo sound.
  • Voice control your music - Stream songs from Amazon Music, Apple Music, Spotify, Sirius XM, and others.
  • Ready to help - Ask Alexa to play music, answer questions, read the news, check the weather, set alarms, control compatible smart home devices, and more.
  • Voice control your smart home - Turn on lights, adjust thermostats, lock doors, and more with compatible connected devices. Create routines to start and end your day.
  • Connect with others hands-free - Call friends and family who have the Alexa app or an Echo device. Instantly drop in on other rooms in your home or make an announcement to every room with a compatible Echo device.
 
Elmer's Disappearing Purple School Glue Sticks, Washable, 7 Grams, 30 Count
24,458 Reviews

Elmer's Disappearing Purple School Glue Sticks, Washable, 7 Grams, 30 Count

  • Disappearing purple formula helps kids see where the glue is
  • Dries clear and applies smoothly for a mess free appearance
  • The number one teacher brand, it’s ideal for younger learners, making poster presentations, crafting, and more
  • Washable, nontoxic, acid free formula is ideal for classrooms and homes
  • Includes: 30, 0.24 ounce (7 gram) Elmer’s craft glue sticks
 

THISWORX Car Vacuum Cleaner - Portable, High Power, Mini Handheld Vacuum w/ 3 Attachments, 16 Ft Cord & Bag - 12v, Small Auto Accessories Kit for Interior Detailing - Black

  • PRACTICAL: A mini vacuum for car or truck that is compact, lightweight (2.4 lbs), and easy to use. Equipped with a HEPA filter, this small dustbuster is ready for ash, dust, or drive-thru food spills. A fully loaded interior car detailing kit housed in an ergonomic design.
  • POWERFUL: This hand held vacuum is made for on-the-go use and solving out-of-reach problems. A very sandy day at the beach? A coat of dog hair? The portable vacuum cleaner for car is designed to solve problems.
  • STRONG SUCTION: The cyclonic force and strong suction of the 106w motor on these handheld vacuums will terminate any dirt, debris, or hard-to-reach crumbs. Our mini car vacuum even has a top of the line washable filter.
  • CAR CLEANING KIT: Includes 3 attachments for detailing (flathead, extendable, or brush nozzle), carry bag, filter brush, and spare HEPA filter. Must-have car accessories for women or men; these gadgets will keep the interior cute and tidy.
  • CONVENIENT: Is the battery always dying when you need a car vac? These truck accessories for men & women use the 12v aux outlet. The 16-foot cord gives the slack needed to clean the back seat or trunk without a snag. Also great for cleaning boats with a 12V cigarette lighter port or are within the 16ft cord range.
 

iPhone Charger, TAKAGI Lightning Cable 3PACK 6FT Nylon Braided USB Charging Cable High Speed Data Sync Transfer Cord Compatible with iPhone 13/12/11 Pro Max/XS MAX/XR/XS/X/8/7/Plus/6S/6/SE/5S/iPad

  • DURABLE MATERIAL: Phone cable With 8000+times bend lifespan and integrated molding process, the nylon braided jacket is super smooth and comfortable,more durable than standard Phone charger cord.
  • PERFECT LENGTHS: Perfect 6feet extra long phone charger cable free up your charging time, no more being stuck to wall socket, ideal for using at home, in car and office.
  • QUALITY COPPER WIRE: Connects to your Phone, Pad with Connector charges/syncs by connecting the USB connector into wall charger or computer. Enjoy charge times up faster than than most standard cables
  • 2 N 1 FUNCTION: Great performance ensures your devices syncs and charge simultaneously with up to 480 mb/s . It syncs photos, music, videos, files with the ability to charge the device. also delivers up to 2.1A current to maximize the charging efficiency performance
  • UNIVERSAL COMPATIBILITY: Work with iPhone 13 12 11, 13 12 11 Pro, 13 12 11 Pro Max,13 12 Mini, XS Max, XS, XR, X, 8 Plus, 8, 7 Plus, 7, 6S Plus, 6S, 6 Plus, 6, 5S, 5C, 5, iPad Pro, iPad Air, Air 2, iPad mini, mini 2, mini 4, iPad 4th gen ,iPod Touch 5th gen, iPod nano 7th gen and Beats Pill+
 
EltaMD UV Clear SPF 46 Face Sunscreen, Broad Spectrum Sunscreen for Sensitive Skin and Acne-Prone Skin, Oil-Free Mineral-Based Sunscreen Lotion with Zinc Oxide, Dermatologist Recommended, 1.7 oz Pump
31,080 Reviews

EltaMD UV Clear SPF 46 Face Sunscreen, Broad Spectrum Sunscreen for Sensitive Skin and Acne-Prone Skin, Oil-Free Mineral-Based Sunscreen Lotion with Zinc Oxide, Dermatologist Recommended, 1.7 oz Pump

  • EltaMD UV Clear SPF 46 face sunscreen for oily skin contains 9.0% Zinc Oxide, Niacinamide and an antioxidant to promote healthy skin while blocking harmful UVA and UVB rays from the sun
  • Apply this face sunscreen for sensitive skin daily to help soothe sensitive skin types prone to acne, rosacea and hyperpigmentation
  • EltaMD UV Clear oil free sunscreen protects against breakouts and is an essential acne sunscreen for those with acne prone skin care concerns
  • Broad-spectrum SPF 46 coverage ensures this sensitive skin sunscreen helps protect you from the sun and is a daily face sunscreen for your everyday skin care needs
  • This Zinc Oxide sunscreen is a non greasy sunscreen sensitive skin lotion recommended by Dermatologists that is fragrance-free, paraben-free, sensitivity-free, and noncomedogenic
 

LiCB CR2032 3V Lithium Battery(10-Pack)

  • ★High Quality: Tested under Strict Quality Control Standards. CE and ROHS Certified. Grade A cells CR2032 Ensure Longer Battery Life and Long Lasting Power
  • ★Get the Exact Fresh CR2032 Battery, Have Full 3 Volts Charge, 3 Years Shelf Life
  • ★Primarily used in Watches, Computer motherboards, Calculators, PDAs, Electronic organizers, Garage door openers, Toys, Games, MP3 players, Digital voice recorders, Door chimes, Pet collars, LED lights, Sporting goods, Pedometers, Calorie counters, Stopwatches, Glucometers, Medical devices, and more
  • ★If your device uses any of the following batteries, this is what you are looking for.:Energizer CR2032,CR2032BP,DL2032,ECR2032,KCR2032,BR2032,LM2032,5004LC,5004LB,L14,SB-T15,EA2032C,EA-2032C,L2032,2032,DJ2032,KL2032,E- CR2032,KECR2032,GPCR2032,KT-CR2032
  • ★What You Get: 10PCS CR2032 Batteries in Exact Blister Pack
 
CeraVe Moisturizing Cream | Body and Face Moisturizer for Dry Skin | Body Cream with Hyaluronic Acid and Ceramides | Normal | Fragrance Free | 19 Oz | Packages May Vary
86,756 Reviews

CeraVe Moisturizing Cream | Body and Face Moisturizer for Dry Skin | Body Cream with Hyaluronic Acid and Ceramides | Normal | Fragrance Free | 19 Oz | Packages May Vary

  • [ HYALURONIC ACID MOISTURIZER ] With hyaluronic acid, ceramides and MVE technology for 24 hour hydration. Rich, velvety texture that leaves skin feeling smooth, it is absorbed quickly for softened skin without greasy, sticky, feel.
  • [ ESSENTIAL CERAMIDES ] Ceramides are found naturally in the skin and make up 50% of the lipids in the skin barrier. All CeraVe products are formulated with three essential ceramides (1, 3, 6-II) to help restore and maintain the skin’s natural barrier.
  • [ DRY SKIN RELIEF ] A deficiency of ceramides in skin can often be associated with dry skin, which can feel itchy and look flaky. CeraVe Moisturizing Cream was shown to increase the skin's level of ceramides after 4 weeks.
  • [ DERMATOLOGIST RECOMMENDED ] CeraVe Skincare is developed with dermatologists and has products suitable for dry skin, sensitive skin, oily skin, acne-prone, and more. This skin care product comes with a lid seal
  • [ GENTLE DAILY MOISTURIZER ] For face and body or can be used as a hand cream for dry skin relief. Holds National Eczema Association (NEA) Seal of Acceptance. Fragrance free, paraben free, allergy-tested, and non-comedogenic.
 

Echo Dot (4th Gen) | Smart speaker with clock and Alexa | Twilight Blue

  • Meet Echo Dot with clock - Our most popular smart speaker with Alexa. The sleek, compact design delivers crisp vocals and balanced bass for full sound.
  • Perfect for your nightstand - See the time, alarms, and timers on the LED display. Tap the top to snooze an alarm.
  • Ready to help - Ask Alexa to tell a joke, play music, answer questions, play the news, check the weather, set alarms, and more.
  • Control your smart home - Use your voice to turn on lights, adjust thermostats, and lock doors with compatible devices.
  • Start Routines with your motion - Turn on compatible lights, play your Flash Briefing, or turn on the coffee maker when you walk into the room.
  • Connect with others hands-free - Call friends and family who have the Alexa app or an Echo device. Instantly drop in on other rooms or announce to the whole house that dinner's ready.
 

Roku Express | HD Streaming Media Player with High Speed HDMI Cable and Simple Remote

  • Watch what you love: Start streaming with a massive selection of free, live, and premium TV, including Roku Originals and 275 plus live TV channels for free on The Roku Channel
  • Quick and easy setup: It’s easy to get started with everything you need included in the box, including a High Speed HDMI Cable—just plug it into your TV and connect to the internet
  • Tons of power, tons of fun: Compact and power-packed, you'll stream your favorites with ease, including movies and series on HBO Max, Netflix, Disney plus, and Prime Video
  • Simple remote: Incredibly easy to use, this remote features shortcut buttons to popular streaming channels
  • The free Roku mobile app: Control your Roku device with a convenient second remote, search with your voice, enjoy private listening with wireless headphones, and more on your iOS or Android device
  • Always up to date: Get the latest features, newest channels, and more with automatic software updates
 
JISULIFE Handheld Mini Fan, 3 IN 1 Hand Fan, Portable USB Rechargeable Small Pocket Fan, Battery Operated Fan [14-21 Working Hours] with Power Bank, Flashlight Feature for Women,Travel,Outdoor-Pink
21,145 Reviews

JISULIFE Handheld Mini Fan, 3 IN 1 Hand Fan, Portable USB Rechargeable Small Pocket Fan, Battery Operated Fan [14-21 Working Hours] with Power Bank, Flashlight Feature for Women,Travel,Outdoor-Pink

  • 【Small In Size, Big On Function】 Combined with Fan + Flashlight + Backup Power Bank function, JISULIFE F8 pocket bear fan would be an everyday-carry-essential fan to cool you off in hot day and is multifunctional to satisfy your diverse needs.
  • 【14-21 Hours Cooling Time】Up to 21 hours cooling time in one full charge. Super long battery life allows you to enjoy it while travelling, commuting, working and any other outdoor activities. This mini handheld fan is USB rechargeable through regular usb socket, laptop, power bank or car charger.
  • 【A Palm-sized Backup Charger】Featured with unique and pocket size design, F8 portable fan is easy to jam into a bag to tote around. And it is a perfect option as an external backup power bank to get your phone charged if necessary.
  • 【Also A Flashlight】Designed with a flashlight function as a bonus. You may not look for a flashlight firstly but you will find that this is quite helpful when go out for a walk at night.
  • 【3-Stage Transformable Fan】Able to be completely folded to hide the blades, makes it small and compact enough to slip into nearly any pockets. It's a handheld fan when 180°folded and a desktop fan when 270°folded.
 

Zacurate Pro Series 500DL Fingertip Pulse Oximeter Blood Oxygen Saturation Monitor with Silicon Cover, Batteries and Lanyard (Royal Black)

  • ACCURATE AND RELIABLE - Accurately determine your SpO2 (blood oxygen saturation levels), pulse rate and pulse strength in 10 seconds and display it conveniently on a large digital LED display.
  • FULL SPO2 VALUE - The ONLY LED pulse oximeter that can read and display up to 100% for SpO2.
  • SPORT/HEALTH ENTHUSIASTS - For sports enthusiasts like mountain climbers, skiers, bikers or anyone interested in measuring their SpO2 and pulse rate. SpO2 and Pulse Rate now faces instead of away from the user for an easy read.
  • ACCOMODATES WIDE RANGE OF FINGER SIZES - Finger chamber with SMART Spring System. Works for ages 12 and above.
  • LOADED WITH ACCESSORIES - Include 2X AAA BATTERIES that will allow the pulse oximeter to be used right out of the box, a SILICON COVER to protect your pulse oximeter from dirt and physical damage and a LANYARD for convenience. Comes with 12 months WARRANTY and USA based technical phone support.
 
TruSkin Vitamin C Serum for Face, Anti Aging Serum with Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamin E, Organic Aloe Vera and Jojoba Oil, Hydrating & Brightening Serum for Dark Spots, Fine Lines and Wrinkles, 1 fl oz
106,654 Reviews

TruSkin Vitamin C Serum for Face, Anti Aging Serum with Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamin E, Organic Aloe Vera and Jojoba Oil, Hydrating & Brightening Serum for Dark Spots, Fine Lines and Wrinkles, 1 fl oz

  • ANTI AGING FACE SERUM - Vitamin C blends with Botanical Hyaluronic Acid, Vitamin E, Witch Hazel, and Jojoba Oil in an anti aging, skin brightening formula designed to improve wrinkles and dark spots
  • OUR CUSTOMERS KNOW BEST - Don't just take our word for it, see thousands of reviews from real Amazon customers rave about brighter, fresher looking skin
  • PLANT-BASED FORMULATION - No added synthetic colors, fragrances, parabens, phthalates, sulfates, PEGs, or GMOs. Our active botanicals combine in a silky smooth anti-aging serum that can be used day or night.
  • CERTIFIED CRUELTY FREE by Leaping Bunny, our Vitamin C facial serum is also formulated, manufactured and bottled in the USA for guaranteed freshness
  • EXTENDED MANUFACTURER GUARANTEE - Love it or your money back! If for any reason you decide this product isn't a good fit for your skin, we offer a 90-day money-back refund. The expiration date is printed on the barcode sticker attached to the packaging.
 

Beetles 2 Pcs 15ml No Wipe Gel Top Coat and Base Coat Set - Shine Finish and Long Lasting, Soak Off LED Gel Base Top Coat Glossy Shine Finish

  • Beetles No Wipe Top Coat and Base Coat: Long lasting for 21+ days with perfect shine. Flexible top coat avoids nicks, chips, or smudges. Tip: It's normal for the base coat to remain sticky which would give the next coat of polish something to hold onto.(Tip: The base gel can not be used as glue. )
  • Healthy Top Coat: 9 Toxin-Free Ingredients make it healthy and low odor. No harsh ingredients or adhesives lead to damaged nails.
  • Easy Application and Good Tenacity: With proper application, last at least 3 weeks.
  • Reminder: Due to low temperature,the base coat may be clumpy or get thick causing the brush to break off inside. If you find this, please contact us, we will provide after-sales service to your satisfaction. Tip: No need to wipe the base coat's tacky residue off. This will help the color coat stay on your nail longer.
  • WARNING: May cause an allergic reaction by skin contact. Read directions for use carefully. Professionally formulated and only used for nails. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, and skin. In case of contact with them, rinse immediately with water. If there is any incident, contact the doctor immediately. Stop using the product if redness and itching develop.  Keep out of the reach of children.
 

Care Touch Lens Wipes for Eyeglasses | Individually Wrapped Eye Glasses Wipes | 210 Pre-Moistened Lens Cleaning Eyeglass Wipes

  • Streak-Free Formula - Care Touch eye glasses wipes have a high-tech formula to clean effectively and dry quickly without leaving behind streaks or residue. These lens wipes easily clean your eyeglasses, phone lens, and other optical surfaces.
  • Gentle and Effective - Our lens cleaning wipes are suitable and safe for coated lenses, making it ideal for most optical applications. The lens wipes are big enough to be used as optical screen wipes and made of a soft, lightweight material that's gentle but effective.
  • Convenient - These eyeglass wipes are individually wrapped and compact, making it easy to carry a few in your bag so you can easily clean your lenses on-the-go. This makes them the perfect lens wipes for eyeglasses and smartphone optical lenses. The larger lens wipes are also made to clean larger optical surfaces.
  • Package Contents - 210 Individually Wrapped Eyeglass Wipes
  • Because You Care - At Care Touch, our goal is to provide quality products to our customers that we can fully stand behind. Our care doesn’t end when your product gets to the door, and we’re fully dedicated to your satisfaction. If you are in any way unsatisfied with a product you order, or just have a question or concern, send us an email, or give us a call and we will take care of it for you.
 

GE RPWFE Refrigerator Water Filter | Certified to Reduce Lead, Sulfur, and 50+ Other Impurities | Replace Every 6 Months for Best Results | Pack of 1

  • It works with any refrigerator that currently uses GE RPWF or RPWFE filters. It is used in selected GE french-door refrigerators. Compatible with select GE french-door refrigerators.
  • GE's most advanced filtration ever. Tested and verified to filter 5 trace pharmaceuticals including ibuprofen, progesterone, atenolol, trimethoprim, and fluoxetine ( The contaminants or other substances removed or reduced by this water filter are not necessarily in all users' water)
  • Premium filtration: Certified to reduce chlorine-resistant cysts, lead, select pharmaceuticals and 50 other contaminants. Reduces 99% of Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctaine Sulfonate (PFOS)
  • Easy filter replacement: No tools of water-turnoff required to replace cartridge inside refrigerator.
  • Six-Month filter life: For best filtration results, filter cartridge should be replaced every six months or 300 gallons.
 

Philips Norelco Multigroomer All-in-One Trimmer Series 3000, 13 Piece Mens Grooming Kit, for Beard, Face, Nose, and Ear Hair Trimmer and Hair Clipper, NO Blade Oil Needed, MG3750/60

  • 13 attachments for all of your grooming needs: Full size steel trimmer, a steel precision trimmer, a nose and ear hair trimmer, 3 hair trimming guards, 3 beard trimming guards, a stubble guard, an accessory travel storage bag, and a cleaning brush. Unlike competition, no oil needed to maintain high quality performance Blades and Guards are easy to detach and rinse
  • Maximum precision with DualCut technology, which includes 2x more self-sharpening blades. The steel blades sharpen themselves as they work, resulting in blades that remain as sharp as day 1 after 2 years of use.
  • Unlike competition, no oil needed to maintain high quality performance. Automatic voltage: 100-240 V
  • Blades and Guards are easy to detach and rinse, For Hair Type: All Hair Types
  • The Blade is made out of Metal
  • The MG3750 is the model number indicated on the packaging, it is part of the Multigroom 3000 series
 

Honeywell HT-900 TurboForce Air Circulator Fan Black, Small

  • Small Fan for Table or Floor: The Honeywell Turbo Force Air Circulator Fan Has 3 Speeds & a 90 Degree Pivoting Head; This Quiet Fan Is Compact Enough for on a Table or Wall Mount & Powerful Enough to Help Provide Comfortable Cooling in Small Medium Rooms
  • Feel the Power; Honeywell's TurboForce line of fans have an aerodynamic turbo design to maximize air movement, offering the power for intense cooling or energy saving air circulation; The ease of a small fan with power you can feel from 27 feet away
  • INCREASE YOUR COMFORT: Using fans for air circulation in your home can help increase your comfort, and help reduce energy costs as well; Honeywell carries a range of tower fans, floor fans, and oscillating fans find one for every room in the house. 185 CFM for optimal comfort
  • HONEYWELL FANS: The right fan helps cool you off & improves airflow in your room or home; Give your air conditioner & wallet a break by using fans to help reduce your energy consumption & costs; Honeywell carries a variety of fans to meet your home needs
  • HONEYWELL QUALITY: Help improve air circulation & energy savings in your home, bedroom or office with Honeywell fans.
  • Power Source Type: Electricity

History of LED

The first devices

In 1907, at the Marconi Company laboratories, Henry Joseph Round discovered the effect of photoluminescence using silicon carbide (SiC) and a radio component. Exactly twenty years later, Oleg Losev published a theory in Russia, where he claimed to have created the equivalent of a rudimentary LED; although the publication was also published in the German and British Empires, for decades there were no practical applications for his invention.

In 1936, at Marie Curie’s laboratories, physicist Georges Destriau obtained electroluminescence (which he himself called “Losev light”) by encapsulating zinc sulfide (ZnS) in a container in which he applied an alternating electric field. Three years later, the Hungarians Zoltán Bay and György Szigeti patented a silicon carbide device capable of emitting white or white light tending to yellow or green, depending on the impurity present. In 1951, Kurt Lehovec, Carl Accardo and Edward Jamgochian understood for the first time the real functioning of a diode capable of emitting light, using silicon carbide crystals and as an electrical source a battery and a pulse generator, comparing in the following two years the results obtained with others obtained by varying the type of crystals and their purity.

In 1955, Rubin Braunstein, of the Radio Corporation of America, obtained infrared light emission from gallium arsenide (GaAs) and other semiconductors, such as gallium antimonide (GaSb), indium phosphide (InP) and silicon germanide (SiGe), both at room temperature and 77 kelvin. Two years later, he demonstrated that rudimentary devices could be used to communicate over short distances; such devices would then be used in optical communications.

In September 1961, at Texas Instruments, James R. Biard and Gary Pittman discovered that a tunnel effect diode with gallium arsenide substrate was capable of emitting infrared light with a wavelength of 900 nanometers. In October, they demonstrated the effectiveness of communication between this diode and an electrically isolated photodetector. On August 8, 1962, Biard and Pittman applied for a patent entitled “Semiconductor radiant diode”: a diode with a p-n junction and diffuse zinc, with the cathode spaced to allow an efficient emission of infrared light when the device is in the so-called direct polarization. After receiving applications also from General Electric, Radio Corporation of America, IBM, Bell Laboratories and MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the U.S. patent office gave the two inventors the patent for the infrared light emitting diode in gallium arsenide, the first real LED for practical use. Immediately afterwards, Texas Instruments launched a project for their realization and, in October 1962, the company announced the commercial production of LEDs with gallium arsenide crystalline structure capable of emitting light with a wavelength of 890 nanometers.

The first emission LED in the visible spectrum was developed at General Electric by Nick Holonyak Jr. who published an article on December 1, 1962. Having obtained an LED with emission in the visible spectrum, then the realization for the first time of an electronic component capable of emitting light perceptible by humans, made Holonyak to the public eye as the “father” of the LED. In 1972, George Craford, a former student of Holonyak, created the first yellow light LED and improved the light output of red and red-orange LEDs by a factor of ten. Four years later, T. P. Pearsall created the first high efficiency and luminescence LED, resulting in new semiconductor compounds specifically suitable for fiber optic transmissions.

Mass Use

The first commercial LEDs were used to replace some incandescent and neon lamps, for seven-segment displays, optoisolators, expensive laboratory equipment first and then to switch to calculators, televisions, radios, phones and more. Both infrared and visible LEDs were still extremely expensive, however, in the order of two hundred dollars each, so they were used relatively little. Starting in 1968, Monsanto Company was the first in the world to start mass production of LEDs in the visible, using gallium, arsenic and phosphor to make red LEDs suitable as indicators (arrows, numbers, etc.). Later, other colors began to be available and LEDs began to appear on various other equipment and devices. In the seventies, LED devices were produced and marketed for less than five cents each. These diodes were made from semiconductor chips manufactured with the planar growth process devised by Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor. The combination of this process with innovative encapsulation methods enabled Fairchild, under the leadership of optoelectronics pioneer Thomas Brandt, to significantly reduce production costs, opening the way for all other manufacturers.

The first LEDs had a metal casing similar to that used for transistors, with a glass lens for the passage of photons. Subsequently, they switched to transparent plastic casings, of various shapes and often with colors corresponding to the color of the light emitted. In the case of infrared LEDs, the tint can be applied to achieve the opposite effect, i.e. blocking the visible light output. Specific encapsulations are then designed for the efficient heat dissipation of high power LEDs.

The advent of blue LEDs

The first blue-violet LED was made with gallium nitride (GaN) doped with magnesium at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, PhD students in materials science and engineering. The previous year, a former colleague from Maruska, Jacques Pankive, together with Ed Miller, at the Radio Corporation of America, obtained for the first time blue electroluminescence through gallium nitride but with zinc doping: from it, then, they obtained the first gallium nitride diode to emit green light. In 1974, Maruska, Rhines and Professor David Stevenson received the patent for their invention. In the 1970s, no practical use could be found for gallium nitride diodes doped with magnesium, and research slowed down, only to return decades later with the development of blue LEDs and laser diodes.

In August 1989, Cree was the first company to market blue silicon carbide LEDs, so with an indirect prohibited band that makes the device very inefficient. Also in the late 1980s, key milestones in the epitaxial growth of gallium nitride with doping of acceptors brought optoelectronic devices into the modern era. On this basis, in 1991 Theodore Moustakas, of Boston University, devised a method for the production of high luminescence blue LEDs through a two-step process, obtaining a patent six years later.

In 1993, with a growth process similar to that of Moustakas, Shuji Nakamura, from Nichia, also produced a high luminescence blue LED. Both Moustakas and Nakamura received a patent and this generated confusion as to who was the real inventor of the blue gallium nitride LED, in fact Moustakas discovered his method first but his registration at the patent office was later than Nakamura’s one. The possibility of producing blue LEDs on an industrial scale opened up the development of new technologies and applications in the following decades, so much so that Nakamura received the Millennium Technology Award in 2006 and in 2014, together with Hiroshi Amano and Isamu Akasaki, the Nobel Prize for physics.

In parallel, in Nagoya, Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano himself worked on the development of a method to grow gallium nitride on a sapphire substrate, doped with acceptors, and on demonstrating the increased efficiency of LEDs made with this process. In 1995, at the University of Cardiff, Alberto Barbieri studied the efficiency and reliability of high luminescence LEDs with a structure formed by layers of aluminum phosphide, gallium and indium (AlGaInP) and gallium arsenide (GaAs), with a “transparent contact” that is a transparent film of indium tin oxide (also known as ITO, Indium tin oxide).

Between 2001 and 2002, methods of growth of gallium nitride on silicon were successfully demonstrated and, in January 2012, Osram found a way to produce industrial quantity LEDs in indium gallium nitride (InGaN) grown on silicon substrates. At least until 2017, manufacturers used silicon carbide substrates, although the most common one remained sapphire because it has properties very similar to gallium nitride, which reduces the formation of defects in its crystalline structure during growth.

At the end of the decade, Samsung and the University of Cambridge carried out research on gallium nitride LEDs grown on silicon substrate, initially followed by Toshiba, but then stopped the research. Some opted for epitaxial growth by nano-printing lithography, while others opted for multi-layer growth to reduce the differences between crystalline structures and thermal expansion rate, in an attempt to avoid chip breakage at high temperatures, decrease heat emission and increase light efficiency.

White LEDs and use in lighting

White light can be produced by using different colored LEDs together: one red, one green and one blue; however, the color quality will be low because only three narrow bands of the visible spectrum are used. A better method is to use a high efficiency blue LED, using the properties of phosphor to produce white light. In these devices, when the blue LED light hits an overlying layer of phosphor, doped with yttrium garnet, aluminum (YAG) and cerium (Y3Al5O12:Ce), it produces a yellow fluorescent light: the overall effect of blue and yellow light has a very wide bandwidth and is therefore perceived as white light by the human eye, with a higher color rendering index than white obtained by combining red, green and blue LEDs.

As with its predecessors, the first white LED was expensive and inefficient. However, the improvement in light output grew exponentially: the latest developments and research have been carried out by Japanese, Korean and Chinese companies, such as Panasonic, Nichia, Samsung and Kingsun. The trend of this growth is defined by Haitz’s Law (pictured), which takes its name from Roland Haitz.

The light emission and efficiency of blue-violet LEDs grew and at the same time the cost of the devices fell, allowing to produce white LEDs with relatively high power, potentially suitable to replace traditional lighting.

In the decade of the two thousand, experimental white LEDs produced 303 lumens per watt of electrical current input, with a life span of up to one hundred thousand hours, although those on the market stopped at 223 lumens per watt. Compared to an incandescent lamp, it was therefore obtained a substantial increase in electrical efficiency at the same price and, sometimes, at an even lower cost.